微型月季研究进展综述

在系统论述微型月季（Rosa chinensis minima）发展简史的情况基础上，综述了微型月季的生物学特性，栽培及应用概况，繁殖、栽培及产后研究进展，提出了对微型月季育种方向的发展展望。     

Spatial heterogeneity of soil water content in the reversion process of desertification in arid areas

Sandy soils in arid,rain-fed environments have low and limited water content,which is a principal factor limiting vegetation development,and a key constraint controlling the structure and functions of the ecological systems in arid areas.The spatial heterogeneity of soil water content is a major soil property,and a focus of soil science and hydrology.On the southern edge of the Tengger Desert,sample plots were selected from mobile sand dunes in desertified lands that had been enclosed for 5,15 and 25 years,respectively.This study explored the dynamic and spatial heterogeneity of soil water content in these different layers of soil that were also in the reversion process of desertification.The results showed that the soil water content of the mobile sand dunes was highest when in the initial stages of the reversion process of desertification,while the soil water content in the 0-20 cm,20-40 cm and 40-60 cm layers of soil was 1.769%,3.011%,and 2.967% respectively,presenting a restoring tendency after 25 years of enclosure.There were significant differences,as a whole,in the soil water content among different restoration stages and different soil layers,respectively.Changes in soil water content,in different soil layers,at different restoration stages,exhibited exponential or spherical patterns.The spatial distribution of soil water content exhibited a mosaic patch pattern with obvious spatial heterogeneity.The ratio of the heterogeneity of spatial autocorrelation to gross spatial heterogeneity was greater than 50%.The gross spatial heterogeneity of the 0-20 cm layer of soil improved gradually,while those of the 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm layers improved initially,then weakened in the reversion process of desertification.This study revealed that restoration with sand-binding vegetation reduced soil water content,and increased its spatial heterogeneity in arid areas.However,after 25 years of vegetation-soil system restoration,the soil water content started to increase and its spatial heterogeneity started to weaken.These results will further benefit the understanding of the ecological mechanism between soil water and sand-binding vegetation.     

Light and scanning electron microscopy studies on the infection process of melon leaves by Colletotrichum lagenarium

Colletotrichum lagenarium is the casual agent of anthracnose disease of melons. Light and scanning electron microscopy were used to observe the infection process of C. lagenarium on the leaves of two melon cultivars differing in susceptibility. On both cultivars conidia began germinating 12 h after inoculation (hai), forming appressoria directly or at the tips of germ-tubes. By 48 hai appressoria had melanised and direct penetration of host tissue had begun. On the susceptible cultivar, infection vesicles formed within 72 hai and developed thick, knotted primary hyphae within epidermal cells. By 96 hai C. lagenarium produced highly branched secondary hyphae that invaded underlying mesophyll cells. After 96 hai, light brown lesions appeared on the leaves, coincident with cell necrosis and invasion by secondary hyphae. While appressoria formed more quickly on the resistant cultivar, fewer germinated to develop biotrophic primary or invasive necrotrophic secondary hyphae than on the susceptible cultivar. These results confirm that C. lagenarium is a hemibiotrophic pathogen, and that resistance in melons restricts colonisation by inhibiting the development of necrotrophic secondary hyphae.     

荒漠化土壤对人工植被恢复工程的响应

人工植被恢复是荒漠化土壤逆转的主要途径,通过对青海省沙珠玉治沙站人工植被恢复工程下荒漠化土壤逆转过程中土体构型、土壤质地、元素组成和理化性质的分析,研究了荒漠化土壤对人工植被恢复工程的响应.结果表明,人工植被恢复工程对荒漠化土壤具有很好的改良作用,受人工植被影响,土体构型逐渐复杂,出露地表的母质层逐渐被淋溶层和淀积层覆...     

杉木、拟赤杨混交对杉木持续生长的影响

杉木 [Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.]是我国南方主要造林树种之一 ,但近 2 0a来因不合理的栽培制度如炼山、大面积纯林经营、连栽等导致森林生态环境的恶化、地力衰退、林分稳定性下降 ,严重影响杉木人工林的持续经营[1 ,2 ] 。在认识树种生物学特性的基础上 ,通过运用人为措施促进自然趋同 ,有意识、有目的地营造针阔混交林 ,可形成具有地带性群落特点的稳定性强、产量高的人工林 [3,4]。近来南方各地开始大力营造杉阔混交林 ,并开展混交林林分结构和生产力及混交改善微生态环境等相关研究 ,取得了显著成效 [5～ 9] 。本文选择…     

长条薄片刨花加工过程动态仿真技术研究

提出了动态仿真系统的总体结构和工作流程,简要叙述了基于数字图像处理技术对长条薄片刨花进行三维重建的方法,给出了从图像坐标系到OpenGL纹理坐标系的变换公式.提出了刨花图形在三维坐标系的运动模型,给出了该模型的输入输出参数和详细计算过程,并利用该模型实现了刨花运动的位置控制.最后,结合OpenGL图形接口对系统进行了实现,仿真效果与实际系统相似度很高.     

Green color protection of bamboo culms using one-step alkali pretreatment-free process

This study evaluated the protection effectiveness of alcohol-borne reagents for the green color of ma bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro) and moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel). The results show that the types and concentrations of alcohol-borne reagents, the kinds of solvent, and the conditions of treatment greatly affected the green color of these two bamboo species. Without alkali pretreatment, an excellent green color protection (a* = −14.5) was obtained when the ma bamboo culms were treated with 0.5% methanol-borne copper chloride (CuCl₂) at 60°C for 30 min. Similar results were also obtained when ma bamboo culms were treated with 0.5% methanol-borne copper nitrate [Cu(NO₃)₂] at 60°C for 2 h (a* = −13.5). For moso bamboo, an attractive green color in the bamboo culms was achieved by treating the specimens with 1% methanol-borne copper acetate [Cu(CH₃COO)₂] at 60°C for 30 min. The a* value of treated specimens was −13.3. In addition, results demonstrated that ultrasonic treatment was more effective on green color protection than conventional water bath treatment. When moso bamboo was treated with 1% copper acetate at 60°C in an ultrasonic bath for only 15 min, a remarkable green color with an a* value of −13.6 was obtained on the bamboo epidermis.     

香果树种群开花物候、生殖构件特征及其影响因子分析

采用野外调查方法对武夷山香果树的开花物候、生殖构件及其影响因子相关性进行了研究,结果表明:武夷山23 a香果树个体开始进入生殖期,其单花花期为6.91 d,始花期随着树龄的增加逐渐提前,花期持续时间在3661 d之间;海拔对香果树种群的单花花期和开花进程产生显著影响,随着海拔的升高,香果树单花花期也呈上升趋势,始花期推迟。香果树个体均产86个花枝,7388朵花,95个果实,随着母树树龄的增加,其生殖构件数量均有不同程度的增长,其中80110 a香果树单花枝产果量较高;香果树生殖构件数量随着海拔的升高,其个体产花枝量和花数量均呈下降趋势,而其果实产量则有小幅度增加。香果树的树龄和光照、大气温度和湿度与其生殖构件数量存在极显著正相关关系,80110 a香果树、30000 Lx以上的光照强度、28℃气温以及70%湿度是其有性生殖较好的生殖年龄及微环境。建议对香果树原生境进行保护,严禁砍伐香果树母树;对香果树附近的高大乔木进行疏伐和间伐以改善香果树母树树冠的光照条件,将有利于其生殖构件的生长发育。     

云南海峰自然保护区旅游资源保护序位及开发

采用层次分析法,以各因子之间的相关性的高低代替专家赋值,分析云南海峰自然保护区的旅游资源.结果显示:在评价项目层中气象类重要值最高,水文类次之,接下去依次为植物类、地质地貌、生产用地、生活建筑和动物类;各评价项目层中起主要影响作用的因子分别为降水、地表径流、土壤、陆生植物、两栖类、蓄水池、防护林,其中降水、地表径流等水资源因子对湿地旅游资源的影响最为显著.根据研究结果,设计了几种不破坏景观资源的生态旅游活动,如观鸟旅游、观光农业旅游、民俗民居旅游、科考旅游和康体娱乐旅游等.     

作物生长过程模拟模型与形态三维可视化关键技术研究

针对作物产量形成、品种适应性分析的数字化解析和可视化表达需求,以提高作物模拟模型的时效性、协同性和真实感为目标,结合物联网技术与作物模拟模型,进行了田间数据实时采集;应用多智能体技术进行了作物协同模拟方法研究与框架设计;开展了作物生长过程模拟模型及基于作物模型的形态三维可视化关键技术研究,以小麦作物为例,进行了田间试验,阐述了小麦三维形态模拟可视化系统的设计实现并进行了试验验证;构建了Logistic方程模拟小麦叶长、最大叶宽、叶片高度、株高等的生长变化,采用基于曲线、曲面的参数化建模方法和3D图形库OpenGL构造了小麦器官几何模型。结果表明小麦叶长、最大叶宽、叶片高度和株高模拟模型R ²值在0.772~0.999之间,回归方程的F值在10.153~4359.236之间,且Sig.小于显著水平0.05,模型显著性较好,模型的拟合度较高。本研究将作物模拟模型结果和形态结构模型有效结合,实现了以小麦为代表的作物在不同管理措施条件下的生长过程形态三维可视化表达,为作物生产数字化系统应用提供了更有效的途径,该技术体系与方法同样适用于玉米、水稻等作物。